Sea Limited

Sea Limited is a Singapore company. Shopee is its marketplace. Garena publishes games, including titles that throw off cash. SeaMoney is the financial-services arm. The games business has helped fund marketplace growth.

Shopee expanded with free shipping and seller subsidies that local shops called unsustainable. Below-cost shipping is a predatory-pricing allegation only if the market can later be recouped. In e-commerce that recoupment theory is contested and rarely proved.

Like other marketplaces, Shopee ranks sellers, runs ads inside search, and promotes its wallet and logistics. Self-preferencing claims follow the same script as Amazon and Mercado Libre, under ASEAN and Brazilian authorities rather than the FTC.

Garena's game distribution is a separate platform, with its own fees and exclusive titles. A hit game can be a tie to the company's channels if players must use Sea's payment rails.

Subsidized marketplace growth is the predation theory rivals raise.

In-search ads and logistics promises are self-preferencing facts.

Wallet tying at checkout matches other marketplace cases.

Game publishing adds a second platform with its own exclusives.

Shoppers take the free-shipping offer. Local stores say they cannot match it and still pay rent.

A seller's rank depends on ads and on using Shopee's shipping. Leaving the tool means leaving the demand.